These pages illustrate the officer-ranks in the Kriegsmarine. We show the ranks here in the same progression as U-boat officers usually were promoted.
Every rank has its own page where some examples are given as well as assistance in identifying ranks of U-boat-officers as seen in photos.
(The drawings to the left of each rank show on the top the shoulder-strap and below it the stripes on the sleeves.)
Legend for special markings:
(R) means that the officer was a reservist and re-entered full duty
(zV) (zur Verwendung) means that the officer was voluntarily serving beyond a normal retirement age.
Fähnrich zur See(Midshipman, cadet) After serving for a year in the Kriegsmarine future officers were promoted to the Fähnrichs-rank. Then they usually started the officer's course at Marineschule Mürwik. |
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Oberfähnrich zur See(Sub-Lieutenant) During the last few months before promotion to the Leutnant rank the Fähnrichs became an Oberfähnrich. In the prewar era 6 months were the norm, later on only one to three months was more common. |
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Leutnant zur See(Lieutenant-Junior) In the Reichsmarine (until Crew 1930) the cadets needed 4 and half years to reach the Leutnant rank. This time then became shorter. Starting in 1938 the officers needed on average 2 years and 6 months to reach this rank. |
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Oberleutnant zur See(Lieutenant-Senior) In the prewar years the officer with the rank of Leutnant needed one year and six to nine months before his promotion to Oberleutnant. In 1938 roughly 2 years were not uncommon. |
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Kapitänleutnant(Lieutenant-Commander) Usually this next promotion took 3 to 4 years, but it was possible to reach this rank in as little as 18 months, depending on circumstances and successes while in command. |
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Korvettenkapitän(Commander) Before the war the Kapitänleutnant had to serve on average more than 5 years (Dönitz needed almost 8 years in the twenties), but during the war this time also became somewhat shorter. 'Teddy' Suhren was promoted to this rank after only 8 months! |
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Fregattenkapitän(Captain-Junior Grade) There were no exact rules for promotion to this rank. Common were 18 months and longer during the war. |
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Kapitän zur See(Captain) Also no exact rules. Exceptional was the promotion of Korvkpt. Wolfgang Lüth, who within only 18 months had achieved both the rank of a Fregattenkapitän and a Kapitän zur See. (The promotion to the Fregattenkapitän was antedated by a month.) |