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Submarine HNMS O 15 (N 15 / P 15)

10 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Scapa Flow. She was escorted by the British ASW trawler HMS Preston North End (Lt. K.A. Vasey, MBE, RNR). (1)

11 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Scapa Flow where she was to participate in A/S exercises. (1)

14 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Matchless (Lt.Cdr. J. Mowlam, RN) and HMS Bermuda (Capt. T.H. Back, RN). (1)

15 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Loyal (Lt.Cdr. H.E.F. Tweedie, DSC, RN) and Adrias. (1)

16 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Queenborough (Cdr. E.P. Hinton, DSO and Bar, MVO, RN) and HMS Relentless (Lt.Cdr. R.A. Fell, RN). (1)

17 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Queenborough (Cdr. E.P. Hinton, DSO and Bar, MVO, RN) and HMS Relentless (Lt.Cdr. R.A. Fell, RN). (1)

18 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. W.B.L. Holms, RCN). Iroquois was escorting HMS Ajax (Capt. J.J. Weld, MVO, RN) on which HrMs O 15 conducted practice attacks. (1)

19 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Relentless (Lt.Cdr. R.A. Fell, RN) and HMS Goathland (Lt.Cdr. E.N. Pumphrey, RN, DSO and Bar, DSC, RN) (1)

21 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Relentless (Lt.Cdr. R.A. Fell, RN) and HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. W.B.L. Holms, RCN). (1)

22 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Relentless (Lt.Cdr. R.A. Fell, RN) and HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. W.B.L. Holms, RCN). (1)

23 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Relentless (Lt.Cdr. R.A. Fell, RN) and RHS Adrias. (1)

24 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Mackay (Capt. S.V. Jephson, RN) and ORP Piorun (Cdr. T. Gorazdowski). (1)

26 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. W.B.L. Holms, RCN) and HMS Walpole (Lt. A.S. Pomeroy, DSC, RN). (1)

28 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Quadrant (Lt.Cdr. W.H. Farrington, RN) and HMS Raider (Lt.Cdr. K.W. Michell, RN). (1)

29 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Quadrant (Lt.Cdr. W.H. Farrington, RN) and HMS Worcester (Lt.Cdr. W.A. Juniper, RN). (1)

30 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Quadrant (Lt.Cdr. W.H. Farrington, RN). (1)

31 Dec 1942
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Musketeer (Cdr. E.N.V. Currey, DSC, RN) and ORP Orkan (Cdr. S. Hryniewiecki, ORP). (1)

1 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Quadrant (Lt.Cdr. W.H. Farrington, RN) and Miaoulis. (1)

2 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Vivacious (Lt.Cdr. R. Alexander, RN) and ORP Orkan (Cdr. S. Hryniewiecki, ORP). (1)

4 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Vivacious (Lt.Cdr. R. Alexander, RN), HMS Windsor (Lt.Cdr. D.H.F. Hetherington, RN) and Adrias. (1)

5 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Onslaught (Cdr. W.H. Selby, RN) and HMS Brecon (Lt.Cdr. T.D. Herrick, DSC and Bar, RN). (1)

6 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Quadrant (Lt.Cdr. W.H. Farrington, RN), HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. W.B.L. Holms, RCN) and Miaoulis. (1)

7 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Forester (Lt.Cdr. J.A. Burnett, DSC, RN) and HMS Easton (Lt. C.W. Malins, DSC, RN). (1)

8 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Matchless (Lt.Cdr. J. Mowlam, RN) and ORP Piorun (Cdr. T. Gorazdowski). (1)

9 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Queenborough (Cdr. E.P. Hinton, DSO and Bar, MVO, RN), HMS Middleton (Lt. C.S. Battersby, RN), HMS Offa (Cdr. R.A. Ewing, DSC, RN) and HMS Brecon (Lt.Cdr. T.D. Herrick, DSC and Bar, RN). (1)

11 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Middleton (Lt. C.S. Battersby, RN), HMS Easton (Lt. C.W. Malins, DSC, RN) and HMS Brecon (Lt.Cdr. T.D. Herrick, DSC and Bar, RN). (1)

13 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Brecon (Lt.Cdr. T.D. Herrick, DSC and Bar, RN) and ORP Orkan (Cdr. S. Hryniewiecki, ORP). (1)

14 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Brecon (Lt.Cdr. T.D. Herrick, DSC and Bar, RN) and HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. W.B.L. Holms, RCN). (1)

15 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Onslaught (Cdr. W.H. Selby, RN) and HMS Easton (Lt. C.W. Malins, DSC, RN). (1)

18 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Queenborough (Cdr. E.P. Hinton, DSO and Bar, MVO, RN) and HMS Brecon (Lt.Cdr. T.D. Herrick, DSC and Bar, RN). (1)

19 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises with aircraft and destroyers (not specified in O 15's log). (1)

20 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. W.B.L. Holms, RCN) and HMS Easton (Lt. C.W. Malins, DSC, RN). (1)

21 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Scapa Flow for Lerwick. She was escorted by the British ASW trawler HMS Lord Lloyd (T/Lt. M.W. Bond, RNVR). (1)

22 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Lerwick. (1)

23 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for her 2nd war patrol. She was ordered to patrol off Kristiansund, Norway.

For the daily positions of HrMs O 15 during this patrol see the map below.

(2)

26 Jan 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) is ordered to leave her patrol area and take up a position off Northern Norway, off the Altafjord. (2)

7 Feb 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) ended her 2nd war patrol at Lerwick. (2)

9 Feb 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for Dundee. She made the passage together with HMS P 224 (Lt. J.R. Drummond, DSC, RN), FFS Junon (Cdr. J. Querville, RN) and ORP Sokol (Lt.Cdr. J. Koziolkowski). They were escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (1)

10 Feb 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (1)

24 Feb 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) shifted from Dundee to Rosyth. She was escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (1)

26 Feb 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was docked at Rosyth. (1)

3 Mar 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was undocked. She immediately departed Rosyth for Dundee where she arrived later the same day. During the passage she was escorted by the British Motor Launch HMS ML 454 (T/Lt. W.M. Russell, RNVR).

At Dundee she commenced a refit which included the fitting of a whole lot of new equipment including radar, Asdic and an echo sounder just to name a few. (1)

11 Jun 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) commenced trials off Dundee. (1)

17 Jun 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Lerwick. She was escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (1)

18 Jun 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Lerwick. (1)

19 Jun 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for her 3rd war patrol. She was ordered to perform a anti-uboat patrol in the Norwegian Sea first in position FF (approximately 63°30'N, 01°30'E) and later in position DD (approximately 64°30 N, 01°30'W).

For the daily positions of HrMs O 15 during this patrol see the map below.

(2)

3 Jul 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) ended her 3rd war patrol at Lerwick. (2)

4 Jul 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for Dundee. She was escorted by the MS trawler HMS Coll (T/Lt. E.V. Nash, RNR). (3)

5 Jul 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (3)

19 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Scapa Flow. She was escorted by the British Motor Launch HMS ML 254 (T/Lt. W.M. Russell, RNVR). (3)

20 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Scapa Flow where she was to participate in A/S exercises. (3)

23 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Musketeer (Cdr. E.N.V. Currey, DSC, RN), HMS Mahratta (Lt.Cdr. E.A.F. Drought, DSC, RN), HMS Oribi (Lt.Cdr. J.C.A. Ingram, RN) and HMS Hussar (Lt.Cdr. R.C. Biggs, DSO, DSC, RN). (3)

24 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Zetland (Lt.Cdr. J.V. Wilkinson, DSC, RN) and USS Forrest (Lt.Cdr. K.P. Letts, USN). (3)

25 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Meteor (Lt.Cdr. D.J.B. Jewitt, RN) and HMS Hussar (Lt.Cdr. R.C. Biggs, DSO, DSC, RN). (3)

26 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Middleton (Lt. C.S. Battersby, RN), HMS Hussar (Lt.Cdr. R.C. Biggs, DSO, DSC, RN), HMS Loch Tulla (T/Skr. S.M. Norton, RNR) and HMS Regal (A/Skr.Lt. J.H.D. Dansie, RNR). (3)

27 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Hardy (Lt.Cdr. R. Horncastle, RN), HMS Rocket (Lt.Cdr. H.B. Acworth, OBE, RN) and HMS Zetland (Lt.Cdr. J.V. Wilkinson, DSC, RN). (3)

28 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Spartan (Capt. P.V. McLaughlin, RN), HMS Hardy (Lt.Cdr. R. Horncastle, RN), HMS Rocket (Lt.Cdr. H.B. Acworth, OBE, RN), HMCS Iroquois (Cdr. J.C. Hibbard DSC, RCN) and USS Isherwood (Cdr. R.E. Gadrow, USN). (4)

29 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted at / off Scapa Flow exercises with HMS Tantivy (Cdr. M.G. Rimington, DSO, RN). (3)

30 Aug 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Bicester (Lt.Cdr. S.W.F. Bennetts, DSO, RN), HMS Chiddingfold (Lt. T.M. Dorrien-Smith, RN), HMS Meteor (Lt.Cdr. D.J.B. Jewitt, RN) and HMS Rocket (Lt.Cdr. H.B. Acworth, OBE, RN). (3)

1 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Bicester (Lt.Cdr. S.W.F. Bennetts, DSO, RN), HMS Chiddingfold (Lt. T.M. Dorrien-Smith, RN), HMS Kingston Agate (Lt. J. Simms, RNR) and HMS Cape Palliser (Lt. B.T. Wortley, RNR). (3)

2 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with ORP Orkan (Cdr. S. Hryniewiecki, ORP), HMS Malcolm (Lt. I.M. Clegg, RN), HMS Northern Wave (T/Lt. J.P. Kilbee, RNR) and HMS Cape Palliser (Lt. B.T. Wortley, RNR). (3)

3 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with ORP Orkan (Cdr. S. Hryniewiecki, ORP), USS Isherwood (Cdr. R.E. Gadrow, USN) and USS Hobson (Lt.Cdr. K. Loveland, USN).

Later she departed Scapa Flow for Lerwick escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (3)

4 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Lerwick. (3)

7 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for her 4th war patrol. She was ordered to perform a anti-uboat patrol in the Norwegian Sea in patrol position CC (approximately 64°30'N, 02°30'W).

For the daily positions of HrMs O 15 during this patrol see the map below.

(2)

21 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) ended her 4th war patrol at Lerwick. (2)

22 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for Dundee. She was escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (3)

23 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (3)

24 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Lerwick. She made the passage together with HMS Satyr (Lt. T.S. Weston, RN) and HNoMS Ula (Lt. R.M. Sars). They were escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (3)

25 Sep 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Lerwick. (3)

5 Oct 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for Dundee. She was escorted by HMS Bressay (T/Lt. J.E. Wilmot, RNVR).

O 15 was to sail for patrol west of Andoy, Norway but was unable to do so due to defective after hydroplanes. (3)

6 Oct 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (3)

12 Oct 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was docked at Dundee. (3)

26 Oct 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was undocked. (3)

5 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted trials and exercises off Dundee. (3)

7 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted exercises off Dundee. (3)

9 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Scapa Flow. She made the passage together with HrMs K XIV (Lt.Cdr. J.F. Drijfhout Van Hooff, RNN) that was to proceed to Holy Loch.

They were escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (3)

10 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Scapa Flow. (3)

11 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Onslow (Capt. J.A. McCoy, DSO, RN) and HMS Venus (Cdr. J.S.M. Richardson DSO, RN). (3)

13 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises with at / off Scapa Flow HMS Onslaught (Cdr. W.H. Selby, DSC, RN) and HMCS Huron (Lt.Cdr. H.S. Rayner, DSC, RCN), HMS Obedient (Lt.Cdr. H. Unwin, DSC and Bar, RN) and HMS Hussar (Lt.Cdr. R.C. Biggs, DSO, DSC, RN). (3)

16 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Hardy (Lt.Cdr. R. Horncastle, RN) and HMS Vigilant (Lt.Cdr. L.W.L. Argles, RN). (3)

17 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Scorpion (Lt.Cdr. W.S. Clouston, RN) and HMS Scourge (Lt.Cdr. G.I.M. Balfour, RN). (3)

18 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Milne (Capt. I.M.R. Campbell, DSO, RN) and HNoMS Stord (Lt.Cdr. S.V. Storheill). (3)

20 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Savage (Cdr. R.C. Gordon, DSO, RN) and HMS Ashanti (Lt.Cdr. J.R. Barnes, RN). (3)

21 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises at / off Scapa Flow with HMS Musketeer (Cdr. R.L. Fisher, OBE, RN).

Upon completion of the exercises O 15 departed Scapa Flow for Lerwick. She was escorted by HNoMs Molde. (3)

22 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Lerwick. (3)

26 Nov 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Lerwick for her 5th war patrol. She was ordered to perform a anti-uboat patrol in the Norwegian Sea in patrol position EE (approximately 64°00'N, 00°30'E).

For the daily positions of HrMs O 15 during this patrol see the map below.

(2)

4 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) ended her 5th war patrol at Lerwick. (2)

5 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) and HMS Viking (Lt. R. Bannar-Martin, DSC, RN) departed Lerwick for Dundee. They were escorted by HNoMS Narvik. (5)

6 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (6)

13 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) and HMS Satyr (Lt. T.S. Weston, RN) departed Dundee for Lerwick.

They were escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. K.W. Richardson, RNR). (6)

14 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Lerwick. After a few hours she departed for her 6th war patrol. She was ordered to patrol off the West coast of Norway, near Stavanger.

For the daily and attack positions of HrMs O 15 during this patrol see the map below.

(2)

26 Dec 1943 (position 59.07, 5.24)
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) fires three torpedoes against a German convoy in the Skudenes Fjord off the Southern entrance of Karmsundet in position 59°07'N, 05°24'E. The Norwegian merchant vessel Roald Jarl (1404 GRT, built 1913, offsite link) reports spotting two torpedo wakes, one of which passed underneath her.

(All times are zone -1)
1155 hours - Sighted two or more merchant ships proceeding South in Karmsundet.

1157 hours - It was now seen that a convoy of five or more ships was steaming South in Karmsundet on a course of 173°. Started attack. The escort was an armed trawler was leading the convoy. Range was 2000 yards. O 15 was however not in a favourable attack position and the convoy was likely to alter course shortly. O 15 went to 60 feet and manouvered to obtain a better attack position.

1210 hours - Returned to periscope depth. Saw that the convoy was made up of two rows of three ships each. It also had made the anticipated change of course. Continued attack.

1214 hours - Transmissions were now heard and it appeared the escort was in contact. These transmissions were heard during the remainder of the attack.

1225 hours - Fired three torpedoes. These were aimed one each at the leading ships of both columns and the rear ship of the second column. Three explosions were heard shortly afterwards. Asdic transmissions from the escort were now clearly audible inside the submarine and shortly afterwards the trawler passed overhead but did not drop any depth charges.

1250 hours - The stern torpedo tube was fired at the escort but no hit was obtained as the tube was fired prematurely due to a mechanical defect. O 15 meanwhile retired to seaward but no counter attack followed. No further observations could be made due to the bad visibility.

[ The escort seen by O 15 was the German armed trawler UJ 1712 (527 tons, built 1942). The ships in the convoy were the above mentioned Roald Jarl and most likely the Dora Oldendorf (2671 GRT, built 1896), Eisberg (492 GRT, built 1940), Thielbek (2815 GRT, built 1940) and Vesta (1620 GRT, built 1921). It is possible German minesweeper M 421 was also part of the escort. ] (2)

28 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) ended her 6th war patrol at Lerwick. (2)

29 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) and HMS Venturer (Lt. J.S. Launders, DSC, RN) departed Lerwick for Dundee. They were escorted by HMS Lord Ashfield (T/Lt. J.B. Morpeth, RNR). (6)

30 Dec 1943
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (6)

20 Jan 1944
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Lerwick. She made the passage with HNoMS Ula (Lt. R.M. Sars).

The submarines were escorted by HMS Lord Ashfield (T/Lt. J.B. Morpeth, RNR).

At 0315/21 Ula proceeded to Scapa Flow. O 15 and Lord Ashfield continued on to Lerwick. (6)

21 Jan 1944
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Lerwick. After a few hours she departed for her 7th war patrol. She was ordered to patrol off the West coast of Norway, Stadlandet area.

For the daily positions of HrMs O 15 during this patrol see the map below.

(2)

22 Jan 1944
In the evening HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) set course to return to Lerwick owning to defective after hydroplanes. (2)

24 Jan 1944
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) ended her 7th war patrol at Lerwick. (2)

26 Jan 1944
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (6)

28 Jan 1944
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was docked at Dundee. (6)

30 Jan 1944
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was undocked. (6)

1 Feb 1944
HrMs O 15 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was docked again at Dundee for a short refit. (6)

Submarine HNMS O 23 (P 23)

2 May 1944
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) is undocked. She continued her refit at Grangemouth by the Grangemouth Dockyard. (7)

19 Nov 1944
During her refit by the Grangemouth Dockyard HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) is docked. (7)

15 Dec 1944
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) is undocked. She continued her refit at Grangemouth by the Grangemouth Dockyard. (7)

12 Feb 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) ended her refit at the Grangemouth Dockyard. (7)

13 Feb 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) shifts from Grangemouth to Rosyth. (7)

14 Feb 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) shifts from Rosyth to Dundee. (7)

22 Feb 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Loch Alsh. She was escorted by HMS Loch Monteith (T/Lt. W.E. Turner, RNVR). (7)

23 Feb 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Loch Alsh. (7)

26 Feb 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Loch Alsh for Holy Loch where she will undergo a period of training.

She makes the passage together with HMS Tactician (Lt.Cdr. L.N.A. Jewell, DSC, MBE, RN) and HMS Spearhead (T/A/Lt.Cdr. R.E. Youngman, RNR). The three submarines were escorted by HMS Shikari (Lt. E.H.U. Cautley, RNVR). (7)

27 Feb 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Holy Loch. (7)

2 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted exercises in the Clyde area. (7)

3 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted exercises in the Clyde area. (7)

4 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted exercises in the Clyde area. (7)

6 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted speed trials on the measured mile in Loch Long. (7)

7 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted speed trials on the measured mile in Loch Long. (7)

8 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Sardonyx (Lt.Cdr. L.F.L. Hill, RNR) and HMS Inman (T/A/Lt.Cdr. H.E. Petre, RNR) served as targets. (7)

9 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Sardonyx (Lt.Cdr. L.F.L. Hill, RNR) and HMS Bridgewater (Cdr.(Retd.) R.H. Mack, RN) served as targets. (7)

10 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted radar and attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Sardonyx (Lt.Cdr. L.F.L. Hill, RNR) and HMS Bridgewater (Cdr.(Retd.) R.H. Mack, RN) served as targets. (7)

12 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Sardonyx (Lt.Cdr. L.F.L. Hill, RNR) and HMS Bridgewater (Cdr.(Retd.) R.H. Mack, RN) served as targets. (7)

13 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted exercises in the Clyde area. (7)

15 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted exercises in the Clyde area. (7)

16 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Sardonyx (Lt.Cdr. L.F.L. Hill, RNR) and HMS Bridgewater (Cdr.(Retd.) R.H. Mack, RN) served as targets. (7)

17 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Shikari (Lt. E.A. Tyrer, DSC, RN) and HMS Bridgewater (Cdr.(Retd.) R.H. Mack, RN) served as targets. (7)

18 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted noise trials at Loch Goil. Upon completion of these O 23 returned to Holy Loch from where she departed for Tobermory later this day. (7)

19 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Tobermory. (7)

21 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises off Tobermory with HMS Mounsey, HMS Loch Glendhu (Lt.Cdr. E.G.P.B. Knapton, RN), HMS Welcome (T/A/Lt.Cdr. W. Downing, RNVR) and HMS Felicity (T/A/Lt.Cdr. S.F. Harmer-Elliot, RNVR). (7)

22 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises off Tobermory with HMS Mounsey and HMS Loch Glendhu (Lt.Cdr. E.G.P.B. Knapton, RN). Also a practice attack was carried out during which HMS Loch Achray (T/A/Lt.Cdr. L.H. Stammers, RNVR) served as the target. (7)

23 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises off Tobermory with HMS Liberty (T/Cdr. J.S. Roe, DSC, RNVR) and HMS Loch Achray (T/A/Lt.Cdr. L.H. Stammers, RNVR). (7)

25 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted gunnery exercises off Tobermory. These were followed by A/S exercises with HMS Welcome (T/A/Lt.Cdr. W. Downing, RNVR) and HMS Felicity (T/A/Lt.Cdr. S.F. Harmer-Elliot, RNVR). (7)

26 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises off Tobermory with HMS Welcome (T/A/Lt.Cdr. W. Downing, RNVR), HMS Felicity (T/A/Lt.Cdr. S.F. Harmer-Elliot, RNVR), HMSAS Natal (T/Lt.Cdr. D.A. Hall, DSC, SANF(V)) and HMS Trondra (T/Lt. W.R. Russell, RNVR).

Upon completion of these exercises O 23 proceeded to Loch Alsh. (7)

27 Mar 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Loch Alsh. (7)

28 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises off Loch Alsh with HMS Philante (Cdr. M.J. Evans, OBE, RN), HMS Pevensey Castle (Cdr. E. Hewitt, RD, RNR), HMS Kenilworth Castle (A/Lt.Cdr. J.O. Williams, RNR), HMS Launceston Castle (Lt. R.M. Roberts, RNR) and HMS Caistor Castle (A/Lt.Cdr. B.J. Bowick, RNVR). These included night exercises. (7)

30 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises off Loch Alsh during which HMS Uproar (Lt. J.N. Devlin, DSC, RN) served as the target.

These attack exercises were followed by A/S exercises off Loch Alsh with HMCS Charlottetown (T/Lt.Cdr. J. Harding, RCNR), HMCS Antigonish (T/Lt.Cdr. R.D. Barrett, RCNR) and HMCS Kirkland Lake (Lt.Cdr. N.V. Clark, OBE, RCNR). (7)

31 Mar 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted indepent exercises off Loch Alsh. (7)

1 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises off Loch Alsh during which HMS Philante (Cdr. M.J. Evans, OBE, RN) served as the target. During these exercises HMS Philante was escorted by HMCS Charlottetown (T/Lt.Cdr. J. Harding, RCNR), HMCS Antigonish (T/Lt.Cdr. R.D. Barrett, RCNR) and HMCS Kirkland Lake (Lt.Cdr. N.V. Clark, OBE, RCNR). (7)

3 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises off Loch Alsh during which HMS Vitality (Lt. W.T.J. Fox, RN) served as the target. (7)

5 Apr 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN), HMS Vitality (Lt. W.T.J. Fox, RN) and HMS Scotsman (Lt. A.H.B. Anderson, DSC, RNR) conducted A/S exercises off Loch Alsh with HMS Philante (Cdr. M.J. Evans, OBE, RN) and ships from the 2nd Escort Group. Also practice attacks were made on HMS Philante. (7)

6 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted indepentent exercises off Loch Alsh followed by A/S exercises off Loch Alsh with HMS Loch Fada (Cdr. B.A. Rogers, RD, RNR) and HMS Wild Goose (Cdr. D.E.G. Wemyss, DSO, DSC and Bar, RN). (7)

7 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises off Loch Alsh with HMS Loch Achray (T/A/Lt.Cdr. L.H. Stammers, RNVR) and HMS Loch More (Lt.Cdr. R.A.D. Cambridge, DSC, RD, RNR). (7)

8 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Loch Alsh for Holy Loch. (7)

9 Apr 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Holy Loch. (8)

11 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted gunnery exercises in the Clyde area. (8)

14 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Hastings (A/Cdr. E.A. Stocker, DSC, RN) served as the target. (8)

15 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted gunnery exercises followed by attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Hastings (A/Cdr. E.A. Stocker, DSC, RN) served as the target. (8)

16 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted night radar exercises followed by attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Hastings (A/Cdr. E.A. Stocker, DSC, RN) served as the target. (8)

17 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Hastings (A/Cdr. E.A. Stocker, DSC, RN) served as the target. These were followed by gunnery exercises. (8)

18 Apr 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Hastings (A/Cdr. E.A. Stocker, DSC, RN) served as the target. Following these exercises O 23 proceeded to Loch Goil for sound trials. Upon completion of these sound trials O 23 proceeded to Holy Loch. (8)

26 Apr 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was docked in AFD 7 at Holy Loch. (8)

28 Apr 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was undocked. (8)

14 May 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted noise trials at Loch Goil. (8)

19 May 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Holy Loch for Dundee.

Passage towards Scapa Flow was made together with HMS Vagabond (Lt. I.M. Stoop, DSC, RN ) with escort provided by HMS Bridgewater (Cdr.(Retd.) R.H. Mack, RN).

Off Scapa Flow O 23 is joined by HrMs Tijgerhaai (Lt.Cdr. A. van Altena, RNN) escorted by HMS Bute (T/S.Lt. G.F. Kettle, RNVR) for onward passage to Dundee while the other ships proceeded towards Scapa Flow. (8)

22 May 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (8)

24 May 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Rotterdam. She makes the passage together with HrMs Tijgerhaai (Lt.Cdr. A. van Altena, RNN). They are escorted by the British Auxiliary patrol trawler HMS Fort Rose (A/Ch.Skr. W.J. Barlow, RNR). (8)

26 May 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Rotterdam. (8)

28 Jun 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Rotterdam for Dundee. She makes the passage together with HrMs Tijgerhaai (Lt.Cdr. A. van Altena, RNN). They are escorted by the British escort destroyer HMS Fernie (Lt. J.A. Tricker, RN). (8)

30 Jun 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Dundee. (8)

1 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Dundee for Holy Loch. (8)

3 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Holy Loch to resume her training period cut short last May when she was sent to Rotterdam when the Netherlands were liberated. (8)

5 Jul 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted exercises in the Clyde area. These included night exercises. (8)

6 Jul 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted A/S exercises off Campbeltown with HMS La Cordeliere (T/Lt. F.A. Haworth, RNVR) and HMS Clover (Lt. R.P. Booth, RNVR). O 23 proceeded to Holy Loch on completion of these exercises. (8)

7 Jul 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Hastings (A/Cdr. E.A. Stocker, DSC, RN) served as the target. These included night exercises. (8)

8 Jul 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) proceeded to Holy Loch on completion of last night's exercises. (8)

9 Jul 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area during which HMS Kihna (Cdr.(Retd.) T.J.T.C. Jenks, RN) served as the target. (8)

11 Jul 1945 (position 0.00, 0.00)
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) conducted attack exercises in the Clyde area. The target was HMS Icarus (Cdr.(Retd.) M.W. Ewart-Wentworth, RN) that was escorted by HMS Brilliant (A/Cdr.(Retd.) A.R.W. Sayle, RD, RNR). These attack exercises were followed by gunnery exercises on a target that was being towed by HMS Kihna (Cdr.(Retd.) T.J.T.C. Jenks, RN). (8)

12 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was docked in AFD 7 at Holy Loch. (8)

13 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) was undocked. (8)

17 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Holy Loch for Gibraltar. This was the first leg of the trip to Australia for another deployment in the Far East.

For the daily positions of HrMs O 23 during this passage see the map below.

(8)

22 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Gibraltar. (8)

23 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Gibraltar for Malta. (8)

27 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Malta. (8)

30 Jul 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Malta for Port Said. (8)

2 Aug 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Port Said. (9)

6 Aug 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Port Said for Aden. (9)

10 Aug 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Aden. (9)

12 Aug 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Aden for Colombo. (9)

20 Aug 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Colombo. (9)

21 Aug 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Colombo for Fremantle. (9)

3 Sep 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Fremantle. As the war with Japan was now over she prepared to return to the Dutch East Indies. (9)

21 Sep 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) departed Fremantle for Batavia in the Dutch East Indies.

For the daily positions of HrMs O 23 during this passage see the map below.

(9)

29 Sep 1945
HrMs O 23 (Lt.Cdr. A.J. Schouwenaar, RNN) arrived at Batavia. (9)

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